OHSMS Effectiveness in Reducing Workplace Accidents: A Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63956/jitar.v1i2.55Keywords:
OHSMS, Safety Management System, Workplace accidents, Safety culture, Safety climateAbstract
This study aims to synthesize and clarify evidence on how Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (OHSMS)/Safety Management Systems (SMS) influence workplace accidents, injuries, and incidents, given persistent safety challenges and inconsistent findings across sectors. A systematic literature review design was applied using protocol-based database searching, staged screening (title–abstract and full-text eligibility), and structured data extraction from peer-reviewed publications. The evidence was synthesized through thematic analysis and organized into three analytical streams: outcome-oriented effects, maturity/continuous improvement, and culture–climate mechanisms. The review finds that OHSMS/SMS implementation is generally associated with improved safety outcomes, but the magnitude and consistency of effects vary depending on implementation quality and measurement choices. System maturity and continuous improvement (e.g., PDCA-based cycles, performance measurement, management review) repeatedly emerge as key explanations for heterogeneous results among organizations with similar formal systems. Safety culture and safety climate function as critical mechanisms translating formal systems into behavioral change, strengthening training, communication, perceived safety control, and learning processes that support accident prevention. The findings imply that policy and practice should move beyond audit-driven compliance toward maturity-based evaluations, leading indicators, and interventions that institutionalize learning and culture-building. This review offers originality by integrating fragmented research streams into a coherent pathway linking OHSMS/SMS maturity to culture–climate mechanisms and measurable safety outcomes, and by proposing a structured agenda for standardizing indicators and improving comparability across future OSH effectiveness studies.
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